研磨(mo)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)著其它加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術無可比擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)長處：研磨(mo)屬于典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)“直接(jie)創造(zao)性加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”或者稱為“進(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”;即(ji)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作母機(ji)上采取(qu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施(微量(liang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)給、低研磨(mo)速度(du)(du)、不斷改變研磨(mo)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)方向等)直接(jie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出(chu)比工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作母機(ji)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)更高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)。這是因(yin)為當研具(ju)(ju)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)時，在非超精(jing)(jing)密平面研磨(mo)劃痕形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)模(mo)與(yu)仿(fang)真強制性研磨(mo)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)作用下，能自動(dong)(dong)地選擇局部凸(tu)出(chu)處進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，故僅切除兩者凸(tu)出(chu)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料，從而使研具(ju)(ju)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)相互修正并(bing)逐步提(ti)高(gao)(gao)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)。超精(jing)(jing)密研磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)與(yu)構成相對運(yun)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)幾乎是無關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，主要是由工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)與(yu)研具(ju)(ju)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)性質和壓(ya)(ya)力(li)特征、以及相對運(yun)動(dong)(dong)軌(gui)跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)態(tai)等因(yin)素決定的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

此外研磨加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)適(shi)應性(xing)好，可(ke)(ke)以加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)各種金屬材(cai)(cai)料、半(ban)導體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料、玻(bo)璃材(cai)(cai)料等(deng)(deng)固體(ti)材(cai)(cai)料，可(ke)(ke)以加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)平面、孔(kong)、外圓和硅(gui)片基片等(deng)(deng)常見外形。超(chao)精密研磨是(shi)正在(zai)追求(qiu)切(qie)削和磨削的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)效率，同時它(ta)本身具(ju)有(you)切(qie)削和磨削達不到的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度和質量(liang)。研磨加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)適(shi)合于(yu)大批量(liang)生產(chan)、設備簡(jian)單、操作方便、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度高等(deng)(deng)特點

　　拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)是一個經常(chang)與(yu)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)一起出現的(de)(de)概念(nian)。拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)是指用(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)速旋(xuan)轉的(de)(de)低(di)彈性材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(棉布、毛(mao)氈、人(ren)造(zao)革(ge)等(deng))拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)盤(pan)(pan)，或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)速旋(xuan)轉的(de)(de)軟質(zhi)彈性或(huo)粘彈性材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)、瀝青、石蠟、錫等(deng))拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)盤(pan)(pan)，加(jia)拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)劑(ji)，具(ju)有一定研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)性質(zhi)的(de)(de)獲得光(guang)(guang)(guang)滑表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)加(jia)工方法。簡言之(zhi)，除(chu)磨(mo)(mo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)和研(yan)(yan)具(ju)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)不(bu)同外，研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)和拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)無本質(zhi)區別。拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)一般不(bu)能提高(gao)工件(jian)形狀精(jing)度和尺寸(cun)精(jing)度。拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)通常(chang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是1μm以下的(de)(de)微細(xi)磨(mo)(mo)粒，拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)盤(pan)(pan)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)瀝青、石蠟、合成樹脂(zhi)和人(ren)造(zao)革(ge)、錫等(deng)軟質(zhi)金(jin)屬或(huo)非金(jin)屬材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)制成，磨(mo)(mo)料(liao)(liao)(liao)對工件(jian)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)力較小(xiao)，不(bu)能使(shi)(shi)工件(jian)產生裂紋。人(ren)們習(xi)慣上(shang)把使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)硬質(zhi)研(yan)(yan)具(ju)的(de)(de)加(jia)工方法稱為研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)，把使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟質(zhi)研(yan)(yan)具(ju)的(de)(de)方法稱為拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)。實際上(shang)在超精(jing)密(mi)加(jia)工領(ling)域中，超精(jing)密(mi)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)和超精(jing)密(mi)拋光(guang)(guang)(guang)沒有什么區別。